My wife retired on an ill health occupational pension in December 2009 at age 49. She has not yet claimed ESA and is concerned regarding her NI contributions as she believes she needs 50 contributions in each of the past two tax years. Can she buy the missing contributions from tax year 2009-10 so she can now make a claim?
To the best of my knowledge, the relevant income tax years are the two preceding the benefit year in which you start the claim. The current benefit year started in Jan 2010, so the tax years they will go on are 2007/08 and 2008/09.
So I would say your wife doesn't need to worry about an incomplete record for 2009/10. But I am not an expert, so if no-one here offers a definitive view do double check.